tutorials:learn:arduino:lesson3.html
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tutorials:learn:arduino:lesson3.html [2010/10/21 15:05] daigo |
tutorials:learn:arduino:lesson3.html [2016/01/28 18:05] (current) |
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| |{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/clear5mmled_t.jpg?nolink&200x85 |}}| \\ LEDs \\ For this lesson, a red, green and blue LED are best. Make sure you get a "5mm" or "3mm" LED, with two legs, as shown in the example image. "Ultrabright" LEDs (1000 mcd rating or higher) are preferred \\ |Any electronics supply store | | |{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/clear5mmled_t.jpg?nolink&200x85 |}}| \\ LEDs \\ For this lesson, a red, green and blue LED are best. Make sure you get a "5mm" or "3mm" LED, with two legs, as shown in the example image. "Ultrabright" LEDs (1000 mcd rating or higher) are preferred \\ |Any electronics supply store | | ||
| |{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/resleft_t.gif?nolink&61x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/rBrown_t.gif?nolink&10x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/rBlack_t.gif?nolink&10x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/rRed_t.gif?nolink&10x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/spacer_t.gif?nolink&8x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/rGold_t.gif?nolink&10x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/resright_t.gif?nolink&66x87 |}}|Three 1KΩ Resistors (brown black red gold) \\ Any values from 300 Ω to 2KΩ are probably OK. | \\ Any electronics supply store \\ $1 \\ | | |{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/resleft_t.gif?nolink&61x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/rBrown_t.gif?nolink&10x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/rBlack_t.gif?nolink&10x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/rRed_t.gif?nolink&10x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/spacer_t.gif?nolink&8x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/rGold_t.gif?nolink&10x87 |}}{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/resright_t.gif?nolink&66x87 |}}|Three 1KΩ Resistors (brown black red gold) \\ Any values from 300 Ω to 2KΩ are probably OK. | \\ Any electronics supply store \\ $1 \\ | | ||
| - | |{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/pshield/miniproto_t.jpg?nolink&339x250 |}}|Arduino Prototyping Shield with tiny breadboard \\ | \\ [[http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=17&products_id=51|Adafruit \\ ]]$15 \\ + \\ [[http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=18&products_id=65|Adafruit]]$7.50 \\ | | + | |{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/pshield/miniproto_t.jpg?nolink&339x250 |}}|Arduino Prototyping Shield with tiny breadboard \\ | \\ [[http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=17&products_id=51|Adafruit]]$15 \\ + \\ [[http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=18&products_id=65|Adafruit]]$7.50 \\ | |
| |[[http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/breadboard-half.jpg|{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/breadboard-half.jpg?nolink&332x241 |}}]] | \\ Standard solderless breadboard \\ If you dont have a protoshield, this is a substitute| \\ [[http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=18&products_id=64|Adafruit]] \\ $5 \\ Many hobby shops and electronics stores will have these | | |[[http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/breadboard-half.jpg|{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/breadboard-half.jpg?nolink&332x241 |}}]] | \\ Standard solderless breadboard \\ If you dont have a protoshield, this is a substitute| \\ [[http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=18&products_id=64|Adafruit]] \\ $5 \\ Many hobby shops and electronics stores will have these | | ||
| |{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/tools/100ftsolid_t.jpg?nolink&150x150 |}}| \\ Hookup Wire \\ Get 22 gauge solid-core wire in red, black and some other color. Make sure its //not// stranded wire! \\ |Any hardware store | | |{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/tools/100ftsolid_t.jpg?nolink&150x150 |}}| \\ Hookup Wire \\ Get 22 gauge solid-core wire in red, black and some other color. Make sure its //not// stranded wire! \\ |Any hardware store | | ||
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| The resistor is the most basic and also most common electronic part. An electronic gadget, such as an mp3 player has easily a //thousand// resistors inside of it! | The resistor is the most basic and also most common electronic part. An electronic gadget, such as an mp3 player has easily a //thousand// resistors inside of it! | ||
| - | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/22K.jpg?nolink&594x116 |}} \\ //Behold...a resistor! // | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/parts/22K.jpg?nolink&594x116 |}} |
| + | <class center>Behold...a resistor!</class> | ||
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| If you recall from [[http://www.ladyada.net/learn/arduino/lesson1.html|lesson 1]], Arduino NG users had to make sure that they inserted the LED in the right way. If you place the LED in backwards it won't work. Diecimila Arduino users already have the LED (a very very small one) soldered onto the circuit board the right way. | If you recall from [[http://www.ladyada.net/learn/arduino/lesson1.html|lesson 1]], Arduino NG users had to make sure that they inserted the LED in the right way. If you place the LED in backwards it won't work. Diecimila Arduino users already have the LED (a very very small one) soldered onto the circuit board the right way. | ||
| - | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/diecledplaced.jpg?nolink&500x334 |}} \\ //Look again! Its a tiny LED // | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/diecledplaced.jpg?nolink&500x334 |}} |
| + | <class center> //Look again! Its a tiny LED //</class> | ||
| Line 152: | Line 154: | ||
| Place the resistor and LED as shown. Make sure the longer leg of the LED is to the right, connected to the resistor. The resistor doesn't have a direction, so it doesnt matter which way it goes in. | Place the resistor and LED as shown. Make sure the longer leg of the LED is to the right, connected to the resistor. The resistor doesn't have a direction, so it doesnt matter which way it goes in. | ||
| - | [[http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/basicshieldled.jpg|{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/basicshieldled_t.jpg?nolink&500x375 |}}]] \\ //Click for a high resolution photo if necessary!// | + | [[http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/basicshieldled.jpg|{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/basicshieldled_t.jpg?nolink&500x375 |}}]] |
| + | <class center>//Click for a high resolution photo if necessary!//</class> | ||
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| *Try another LED in case this one is damaged | *Try another LED in case this one is damaged | ||
| *Make sure the parts are as shown in the image above, if you have a wire in one row and the resistor in the other, they aren't connected and it wont work! | *Make sure the parts are as shown in the image above, if you have a wire in one row and the resistor in the other, they aren't connected and it wont work! | ||
| + | |||
| ==== Scheming schematic ==== | ==== Scheming schematic ==== | ||
| Line 185: | Line 189: | ||
| Each electronic component has a schematic symbol, which is a simplified drawing of the part. For resistors the symbol looks like this: | Each electronic component has a schematic symbol, which is a simplified drawing of the part. For resistors the symbol looks like this: | ||
| - | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/resistorsymbol.jpg?nolink&221x64 |}} \\ //Resistor symbol// | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/resistorsymbol.jpg?nolink&221x64 |}} |
| + | <class center>//Resistor symbol// </class> | ||
| Line 191: | Line 196: | ||
| And the symbol for LED's look like this: | And the symbol for LED's look like this: | ||
| - | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/ledsymbol.jpg?nolink&217x78 |}} \\ //LED symbol, positive pin on the left, negative pin on the right // | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/ledsymbol.jpg?nolink&217x78 |}} |
| + | <class center>//LED symbol, positive pin on the left, negative pin on the right //</class> | ||
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| Power and ground also have symbols: | Power and ground also have symbols: | ||
| - | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/powergndsym.jpg?nolink&139x87 |}} \\ //Power and Ground symbols // | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/powergndsym.jpg?nolink&139x87 |}} |
| + | <class center> //Power and Ground symbols // </class> | ||
| Line 207: | Line 214: | ||
| The only thing we need to do now is indicate how the LED and resistor are hooked up and show the 5V and ground connections. | The only thing we need to do now is indicate how the LED and resistor are hooked up and show the 5V and ground connections. | ||
| - | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/lesson3sch1.jpg?nolink&71x260 |}} \\ //A barebones schematic// | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/lesson3sch1.jpg?nolink&71x260 |}} |
| + | <class center> //A barebones schematic// </class> | ||
| Line 213: | Line 221: | ||
| Next to symbols, we often write important information like what the resistor value is, what color and size the LED should be, and the voltage associated with the power supply. | Next to symbols, we often write important information like what the resistor value is, what color and size the LED should be, and the voltage associated with the power supply. | ||
| - | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/lesson3sch2.jpg?nolink&168x260 |}} \\ //A well documented schematic!// | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/lesson3sch2.jpg?nolink&168x260 |}} |
| + | <class center> //A well documented schematic!//</class> | ||
| For practice, try drawing your own schematic on a piece of paper. | For practice, try drawing your own schematic on a piece of paper. | ||
| Line 287: | Line 296: | ||
| OK sure you've had plenty of practice messing around with LEDs. It's time to go full color! Find a red, green and blue LED. If you have the Arduino Starter Pack they will be the three clear LEDs. You can't tell which one is which until they are lit so just build the circuit and then rearrange them if needed. | OK sure you've had plenty of practice messing around with LEDs. It's time to go full color! Find a red, green and blue LED. If you have the Arduino Starter Pack they will be the three clear LEDs. You can't tell which one is which until they are lit so just build the circuit and then rearrange them if needed. | ||
| - | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/lesson3sch7.jpg?nolink&399x262 |}} \\ //Red, green and blue LED schematic// | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/lesson3sch7.jpg?nolink&399x262 |}} |
| + | <class center> //Red, green and blue LED schematic//</class> | ||
| In this schematic we will have three LEDs connected to three different pins: #10, #11 and #12. | In this schematic we will have three LEDs connected to three different pins: #10, #11 and #12. | ||
| Line 313: | Line 323: | ||
| digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW); // sets the Green LED off | digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW); // sets the Green LED off | ||
| delay(500); // waits for half a second | delay(500); // waits for half a second | ||
| - | }</code>//You can just copy and paste this text into your Arduino software window.// | + | }</code> |
| + | <class center>You can just copy and paste this text into your Arduino software </class> | ||
| **Quick quiz** \\ | **Quick quiz** \\ | ||
| **What does this sketch do? Compile and upload the sketch to test your hypothesis. **\\ | **What does this sketch do? Compile and upload the sketch to test your hypothesis. **\\ | ||
| - | //Highlight the text below to see the answer \\ | + | //Highlight the text below to see the answer // \\ |
| <class white>It blinks the two LEDs connected to pins 11 and 12 at the same time </class> | <class white>It blinks the two LEDs connected to pins 11 and 12 at the same time </class> | ||
| {{bliptv>392145}} | {{bliptv>392145}} | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| If you are having problems getting this sketch to work, double check: | If you are having problems getting this sketch to work, double check: | ||
| Line 342: | Line 354: | ||
| **Change the loop() procedure code so that both LEDs are on for 500 ms, then only the red LED is on for 500 ms, then both LEDs are off, and finally only the green LED is on for 500 ms** \\ | **Change the loop() procedure code so that both LEDs are on for 500 ms, then only the red LED is on for 500 ms, then both LEDs are off, and finally only the green LED is on for 500 ms** \\ | ||
| - | //Highlight the text below to see one answer//** | + | //Highlight the text below to see one answer// \\ |
| - | <class white> | + | |
| + | |||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | void loop() // run over and over again | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | digitalWrite(redPin, HIGH); // sets the Red LED on | ||
| + | digitalWrite(greenPin, HIGH); // sets the Green LED on | ||
| + | delay(500); // waits for half a second | ||
| + | digitalWrite(redPin, HIGH); // sets the Red LED on | ||
| + | digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW); // sets the Green LED off | ||
| + | delay(500); // waits for half a second | ||
| + | digitalWrite(redPin, LOW); // sets the Red LED off | ||
| + | digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW); // sets the Green LED off | ||
| + | delay(500); // waits for half a second | ||
| + | digitalWrite(redPin, LOW); // sets the Red LED off | ||
| + | digitalWrite(greenPin, HIGH); // sets the Green LED on | ||
| + | delay(500); // waits for half a second | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| - | <code C>void loop() // run over and over again \\ { \\ digitalWrite(redPin, HIGH); // sets the Red LED on \\ digitalWrite(greenPin, HIGH); // sets the Green LED on \\ delay(500); // waits for half a second \\ digitalWrite(redPin, HIGH); // sets the Red LED on \\ digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW); // sets the Green LED off \\ delay(500); // waits for half a second \\ digitalWrite(redPin, LOW); // sets the Red LED off \\ digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW); // sets the Green LED off \\ delay(500); // waits for half a second \\ digitalWrite(redPin, LOW); // sets the Red LED off \\ digitalWrite(greenPin, HIGH); // sets the Green LED on \\ delay(500); // waits for half a second \\ }</code> | ||
| - | </class> | ||
| ==== Full color adventures! ==== | ==== Full color adventures! ==== | ||
| Line 373: | Line 401: | ||
| digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW); // sets the Green LED off | digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW); // sets the Green LED off | ||
| delay(500); // waits for half a second | delay(500); // waits for half a second | ||
| - | }</code>//You can just copy and paste this text into your Arduino software window.// | + | }</code> |
| + | <class center>//You can just copy and paste this text into your Arduino software window.//</class> | ||
| Line 401: | Line 430: | ||
| - | {{ ../proj1/AdditiveColorMixing.png?nolink&236x236 |}} \\ //A additive (light) color mixing diagram// According to this diagram, if we have both red and blue light mixed together we should get a violet light. **Quick quiz ** | + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/learn/proj1/AdditiveColorMixing.png?nolink&236x236 |}} |
| + | <class center>//A additive (light) color mixing diagram// </class> | ||
| + | |||
| + | According to this diagram, if we have both red and blue light mixed together we should get a violet light. | ||
| + | |||
| + | **Quick quiz ** | ||
| **Modify your code to create the following colored light:** | **Modify your code to create the following colored light:** | ||
| Violet (red & blue), Turquoise (blue & green) and yellow (green & red) | Violet (red & blue), Turquoise (blue & green) and yellow (green & red) | ||
| - | **Now you are ready for the "final project" of this very long lesson. You are going to make a color changing light! ** \\ Modify the sketch so that the emitted light goes in order: red, yellow, green, turquioise, blue violet and back to red. It should pause about half a second between each color change. **Hint:** One way to make the color mixing work better is to //diffuse// the light, in a light box. You can make a light box out of plain paper, scissors and some tape. Just make a paper box and cut a hole in it. Fill the box with tissue paper. The tissue acts as a diffuser, helping the light mix nicely {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/diffusercut.jpg?nolink&500x375 |}} [[http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/tissuediffuse.jpg|{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/tissuediffuse_t.jpg?nolink&500x345 |}}]] <img title="Click to play" alt="Video thumbnail. Click to play." src="http://blip.tv/file/get/Ladyada-colorCycle325.flv.jpg" border="0" title="Click To Play" /> \\ Click To Play play_blip_movie_392136(); | + | **Now you are ready for the "final project" of this very long lesson. You are going to make a color changing light! ** \\ |
| + | Modify the sketch so that the emitted light goes in order: red, yellow, green, turquioise, blue violet and back to red. It should pause about half a second between each color change. | ||
| + | **Hint:** One way to make the color mixing work better is to //diffuse// the light, in a light box. You can make a light box out of plain paper, scissors and some tape. Just make a paper box and cut a hole in it. Fill the box with tissue paper. The tissue acts as a diffuser, helping the light mix nicely | ||
| + | {{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/diffusercut.jpg?nolink&500x375 |}} | ||
| + | [[http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/tissuediffuse.jpg|{{ http://www.ladyada.net/images/arduino/tissuediffuse_t.jpg?nolink&500x345|}}]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{bliptv>392136}} | ||
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